After the thousand-year collapse of the powerful Samanid state, the Tajik people gained the opportunity—albeit within the framework of an autonomous republic—to begin building the foundations of their statehood. This was an extremely difficult task, but the Tajik people, striving to achieve their cherished goals, managed to overcome many hardships and challenges.

On October 14, 1924, the Second Session of the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR approved the resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the Turkestan ASSR on national delimitation. In accordance with this resolution, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established as part of the Uzbek SSR.

Later, in line with the decree of the Revolutionary Committee of the Uzbek SSR dated November 26, 1924, the Provisional Government of Tajikistan was established, which effectively functioned as the Revolutionary Committee.

On December 7, 1924, at a session of the Revolutionary Committee of the Tajik ASSR, the issue of establishing the People’s Commissariat of Justice, the State Prosecutor’s Office, and People’s Courts was discussed. As a result, several related resolutions were adopted. One of these, dated December 14, 1924, concerned the establishment of the People’s Commissariat of Justice and the State Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Tajikistan. Thus, the Republican Prosecutor’s Office became an independent department within the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the Tajik ASSR.

The People’s Commissariat of Justice and the Republican Prosecutor’s Office began their work on December 22, 1924. From this date, the formation and further development of the prosecutorial bodies in Tajikistan officially began.

Tojidin Saifuddinovwas appointed as the head of the People’s Commissariat of Justice. On February 18, 1925, he was also approved as the first Prosecutor of the Tajik ASSR, serving in this role until 1927.

In 1927, based on the decision of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of the Tajik ASSR, Mullojon Saidulloev was nominated for the position of Republican Prosecutor.

Starting from December 5, 1929, the Republic of Tajikistan entered a new stage of historical development by gaining state independence within the Soviet Union. This marked the beginning of a period of sovereign activity for the Republican Prosecutor’s Office. M. Saidulloev was once again appointed as Prosecutor of the Republic and served until 1931. Between 1931 and 1935, the position was held by Ch. Imomov, S. Khojiyev, A. Rozenberg, and A. Lebedev.

In connection with the abolition of districts, by a resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the Tajik SSR dated June 20, 1930, district prosecutor’s offices were dissolved, and in their place regional, city, and district prosecutors’ offices were created, including the Prosecutor’s Office of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region.

In large cities and districts of significant economic and political importance, the position of assistant prosecutor was introduced. District prosecutors were appointed by regional prosecutors. The powers of the abolished district prosecutor’s offices were transferred to the district prosecutors. Investigators were appointed by district executive committees or city councils upon the recommendation of the district prosecutors.

On June 28, 1930, the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the Tajik SSR adopted the Regulation “On Judicial Authorities of the Tajik SSR,” according to which investigators were required to conduct inquiries, lead and supervise the work of other investigative bodies, and serve as prosecutors in court.

The Republican Prosecutor’s Office strictly monitored the implementation of party and government decisions, took measures to prevent legal violations and economic crimes, and actively fought against theft, abuse, disorder, and violations of the legal rights and interests of citizens. It also ensured the timely protest and annulment of decisions by government bodies, public organizations, and cooperatives that violated the law and harmed citizens.

According to a resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated June 20, 1933, the Prosecutor’s Office was separated from the People’s Commissariat of Justice and established as an independent institution. General supervision of the union republics’ prosecutor’s offices was assigned to the Prosecutor’s Office of the USSR. However, for several years, prosecutors of the union republics remained subordinate both to the USSR Prosecutor and the People’s Commissariat of Justice of their respective republics, which complicated personnel and investigative organization efforts.

By decree dated June 20, 1936, titled “On the Establishment of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the USSR”, prosecutors of the union republics were fully separated from the jurisdiction of the People’s Commissariats of Justice and made directly subordinate to the USSR Prosecutor. From this point forward, the prosecutorial structure became strictly centralized. In 1946, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the title of Prosecutor General of the USSR to the head of the USSR Prosecutor’s Office.

As of 1964, the Prosecutor’s Office of the Tajik SSR included:

• 1 city prosecutor’s office and 5 district prosecutor’s offices in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region;
• 9 city prosecutor’s offices under central jurisdiction;
• 23 district prosecutor’s offices;
• 4 military unit prosecutors’ offices — a total of 42 prosecutor’s offices.

The period of formation, development, and strengthening of the Republican Prosecutor’s Office is closely associated with the work of prominent legal figures such as S. Ismoilzada, A. Rakhmonov, G. Imomov, M. Saidulloev, T. Saifuddinov, S. Khojiyev, N. Zhogin, V. Bullargin, and others who laid the foundations for the institution in Tajikistan.

Over the years, the position of Prosecutor of the Republic was held by:

• I.V. Ilyin (1935–1938)
• A.Ya. Romanov (1938–1948)
• N.V. Zhogin (1948–1958)
• Kh.Kh. Khuseynov (1958–1961)
• V.A. Bullargin (1961–1973)
• A.A. Shchelochnin (1973–1981)
• Yu.N. Shcherbakov (1981–1986)
• G.S. Mikhaylin (1986–1990)
• N.Kh. Khuvaidulloev (1991–1992)

In January 1966, the honorary professional title “Honored Lawyer of the Tajik SSR” was established. This title was awarded to lawyers who had achieved significant results in legal practice. From 1967 to 1990, 35 employees of the Prosecutor’s Office received this honor, and 20 employees were awarded the "Honorary Employee of the Prosecutor’s Office" badge for their faithful and long-term service.

In 1991, the Republic of Tajikistan declared its full independence and sovereignty.
The Tajik state entered a new stage of historical development, marking a period of significant changes in the activities of the Prosecutor’s Office and increased responsibility for its personnel.

The events of 1990–1994 were a serious test for the state of Tajikistan. During these fateful years, the late N. Kh. Khuvaydulloev (1991–1992) served as the first Prosecutor General of independent Tajikistan.

The 16th session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tajikistan became a major historical event aimed at restoring and strengthening constitutional power in the newly independent republic, saving the nation and state from collapse and disintegration.

At this session, M. S. Salehov was appointed Prosecutor General of the Republic of Tajikistan. Under his leadership, an investigative team was formed to investigate crimes committed during that period. The team consisted of 35 investigative groups comprising 250 personnel from the investigative and operational units of the Prosecutor's Office, the State Security Committee, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. They carried out extensive work in organizing the fight against crime and in investigating and solving criminal cases.

During this period, the Law "On the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Tajikistan" was adopted and enacted in accordance with Resolution No. 653 of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tajikistan dated April 30, 1992.

According to this law, the objectives of the prosecutorial bodies were to ensure the rule of law, strengthen legality and public order, and protect the independence and sovereign rights of the Republic of Tajikistan; the socio-economic, political, and other rights and freedoms of citizens; the foundations of the democratic system of state governance; and the legal status of local Soviets of People's Deputies, state bodies, and public organizations.

The Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Tajikistan, alongside the legislative, executive, administrative, and judicial branches, was recognized as an independent state authority. Its main areas of work at that time, as defined by the law, included:

• Oversight of the enforcement of laws by government authorities, enterprises, institutions, organizations, officials, citizens, etc. (general supervision);
• Oversight of the legality of activities of law enforcement bodies and agencies combating crime and violations, including inquiry and preliminary investigation bodies;
• Supervision over the observance of laws in civil, criminal, and administrative court proceedings, as well as in arbitration courts when rendering decisions, sentences, rulings, and resolutions;
• Supervision of law compliance in detention centers, during pretrial detention, and in the execution of punishments and other coercive measures ordered by the court;
• Supervision over law enforcement in military administrative bodies and institutions;
• Investigation of crimes.

The Prosecutor’s Office also took part in the development of crime prevention measures and in the improvement and interpretation of laws.

With the development of society and for the purpose of further strengthening prosecutorial supervision, public order, and the fight against crime, the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On the Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Tajikistan” was adopted on March 11, 1996, and in a new edition on July 25, 2005.

Currently, the main functions of the prosecutorial bodies include:

• Supervision over the uniform implementation of laws by ministries, state committees, and other bodies of the Republic of Tajikistan, local authorities, self-governing bodies, military administrative bodies, regulatory bodies, banks, enterprises, institutions, public and religious organizations, political parties, and other associations, regardless of their subordination or form of ownership, as well as ensuring their legal acts conform to the law;
• Supervision over the protection of human rights and freedoms, recognized as the highest value, by all bodies and officials engaged in operational-search activities, inquiry, and preliminary investigation;
• Protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the interests of the state, and various forms of public and private property in court proceedings;
• Supervision over compliance with laws in detention facilities, during pretrial detention, and in the execution of court-ordered punishments and coercive measures;
• Supervision over the enforcement of court decisions by bailiffs and other authorized bodies;
• Criminal investigation;
• Development of crime prevention measures and combating corruption, terrorism, extremism, and other offenses in cooperation with other state authorities, and participation in the development and refinement of legislation;
• Coordination of law enforcement agencies in crime prevention, anti-corruption efforts, and combating other offenses;
• Participation in court proceedings;
• Filing objections (protests) against decisions, sentences, rulings, and court resolutions that violate the law.

In accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, the Prosecutor’s Office may also carry out activities in other areas where prosecutorial oversight is needed.

The prosecutorial authorities, in carrying out their duties, act independently and exercise their powers on behalf of the state. To uphold the law, professionalism, intellect, education, integrity, and a strong sense of justice are required from all prosecution employees.

Every prosecutor and investigator must be highly responsible, polite, and honest in fulfilling their official duties. All necessary conditions have been created to ensure effective work within the Prosecutor’s Office.

The key mission of the Prosecutor’s Office is to focus all its efforts on ensuring legality across all spheres of state and public life, with a particular emphasis on enhancing its role in addressing major economic issues of the country.

Today, the following entities are operational in the republic:

• The central apparatus of the Prosecutor General’s Office;
• The Main Military Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Tajikistan and its six subordinate garrison military prosecutor’s offices;
• The prosecutor’s offices of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Sughd and Khatlon Regions, and the city of Dushanbe, along with 55 subordinate city and district prosecutor’s offices;
• 12 city and district prosecutor’s offices of republican subordination;
• The Transport Prosecutor’s Office of Tajikistan and its subdivisions in the Sughd and Khatlon Regions;
• Three prosecutor’s offices overseeing the enforcement of laws in penal institutions located in Dushanbe, Sughd, and Khatlon;
• The Institute for the Study of Legality, Public Order, Crime, and the Professional Development of Prosecutor’s Office Personnel of the Republic of Tajikistan.

Prosecutorial staff continuously strive to implement the state and government’s policies and conscientiously fulfill their responsibilities.

The following individuals have headed the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Republic of Tajikistan:

• Solehov Mahmadnazar Sohibovich (1992–1995)
• Azimov Amirqul Nasimovich (1995–1996)
• Sharopov Salomiddin (1996–2000)
• Bobokhonov Bobojon Karimovich (2000–2010)
• Salimzoda Sherkhon Odina (2010–2014)
• Rahmon Yusuf Ahmadzod (2015–2025)

Since February 4, 2025, the leadership of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Tajikistan has been carried out by Vohidzoda Habibullo Saydullo.

According to the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan “On Amendments to the Law of the Republic of Tajikistan on Holidays,” March 14 is celebrated annually as the Day of the Prosecutor’s Office.